Climate change records are vital in understanding our climate; in the past, in the present and in the future. We observing the climate their are many challenges such as incomplete geoghrapical coverage of measurements, gaps in historical climate records, the need to use some indirect measurements of climate change, ciases and errors in data, varying standards for taking observations, collecting information to assist interpretation of climate records, calculating changes in climate and estimating incertainties in climate observations.
We need long-term worldwide observations of the atmosphere, oceans and land surface to understand the world's climate and how it has changed. Climate chnage records are many diffrent ways of knowing how our climate has changed overtime.
A major obstacle in assessing past climate change has been the fact that a lot of observations aren't complete. Before the 1950s, climate observations were mainly limited to weather stations and ships, and only included measurements made at or near the land or ocean surface. In the 19th century, many parts of the world were not monitored at all. There are few complete daily instrumental records stretching as far back as the eighteenth century.
As there are no records of climate from direct measurements before the 1600s, scientists have used other types of information to investigate further back such as tree-rings and ice-cores can be used to infer changes in temperature and precipitation, depth profiles of temperature in oil-drilling boreholes can be used to estimate the changes in air temperature over recent centuries and corals can be used to estimate oceanic temperature and sea-level changes.
How do volcanoes affect climate change?
How is today’s warming different from the past?
What is the role of isotopes in determining temperatures from the past?
How have trees been used to reconstruct different climate variables across the world?
How can ice cores provide a record of atmospheric composition?
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